© 2003-2021 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Q 26 What do distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include? Primates likely evolved their distinctive visual traits and extremities in the Paleocene (approximately 65 million to 54 million years ago) and Eocene (approximately 54 million to 34 million years ago) epochs, just when angiosperms were going through a revolution of their own—the evolution of large, fleshy fruit that would have been attractive to a small arboreal … Using the materials available to you in your laboratory, compare a gracile australopithecine to a robust australopithecine. Other articles where Australopithecus aethiopicus is discussed: Australopithecus: Australopithecus aethiopicus: Australopithecus aethiopicus (2.7–2.3 mya), formerly known as Paranthropus aethopicus, is the earliest of the so-called robust australopiths, a group that also includes A. robustus and A. boisei (described below). It is not clear how they were related. Following a recent influx of fossils (e.g., Brown et al., 2004; Lordkipanidze et al., 2013; Villmoare et al., 2015a; Berger et al., 2015) the amount of diversity in fossil morphology has increased … 4 - 1 mya. Paranthropus were robust and descended from gracile australopithecines. Two other well-known australopithecines, A. boisei (from E Africa) and A. robustus (from S Africa), featured very large molars and premolars, very thick jaws, and craniums topped by prominent crests. They are our distant ‘cousins’ rather than our direct relatives. Robust australopithecines traits include: Neck crests, megadontia molars, dish-shaped faces. 4. Help. These specimens are described as having morphological traits that justify placing them in the family Hominidae while creating a new genus for the classification of each. Australopithecus robustus and Australopithecus boisei. France, Diane Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include: a small brain and large body, big face and saggital crest the first recognizable ancestors of the lineage leading to humans include c. a large body, large teeth, and a sagittal crest. The various species lived 4.4 million to 1.4 million years ago, during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. C)the body and the length of the arms and legs. Also, they include Jebel Irhoud, Omo, Herto, Florisbad, Skhul, and Peștera cu Oase, exhibiting a mix of archaic and modern traits. small front teeth and large back teeth. REFERENCES. Au. While no real consensus exists on which evolutionary forces and opportunities brought about this change, bipedalism … Based on these pronounced differences, australopithecines are classified into two distinct types: gracile and robust. which fossil group is characterized by an eye orbit fully enclosed by bone? They are also referred to as the robust australopithecines. large back teeth, a big face, often with a large sagittal crest large brain and a long tall body small teeth and no sagittal crest a large diastema, large brain, with no sagittal crest QUESTION 36 OOOO Australopithecus robustus's large masticatory complex (large molars, big face, and large … Dental morphological traits that are of interest in human populations today can be seen in the fossil record beginning with the Australopithecines between 4 and 1 million years ago (Schroer and Wood, 2013), and some traits occur even earlier in primate evolution, such as the Y-5 pattern during the Miocene (Pilbeam et al., 1977). a.premolars and molars c.front teeth and small back teeth b. temporalis muscles and a … Along with other distinct traits, robust australopithecines had large _____ adapted for grinding food. 35. 5 G. Distinctive traits of paranthropoids (robust australopithecines) include: a. small front teeth and large back teeth. Title: Presentazione di PowerPoint Last modified by: Sara Urbani Created Date: 8/13/2012 1:59:21 PM Document presentation format: Personalizzato Other titles One of the key physiological differences between early humans (Homos) and Australopithecines was adult cranial capacity. Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include _____ answer – small front teeth and large back teeth. The Oldowan tool complex is attributed to _____, making that hominin species the first to use tools. PDF | On Jan 1, 2017, Laura van Holstein and others published Hominin Evolution | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate b. a bigger brain. ; Describe the skeletal anatomy of Homo habilis and Homo erectus based on the fossil evidence. Large back teeth, big face often with large sagittal crest Features like large, thickly enameled postcanine teeth, more orthognathic face, cheek bones(zygomatic bones) extended bo, QUESTION 35 What do the distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include? Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include Small front teeth, large back teeth, a big face, and a sagittal crest Owen Lovejoy's provisioning hypothesis proposes that Monogamy and food provisioning created the necessity for bipedalism b-larger molars. Gracile australopithecines shared several traits with modern apes and humans and were widespread throughout Eastern and Southern Africa as early as 4 to as late as 1.2 million years ago. Terms Australopithecus robustus’s large masticatory complex (large molars, face, and muscles) indicate an adaptation: to eating foods requiring heavy chewing. The genus or group Paranthropus currently includes three species, Paranthropus boisei, Paranthropus robustus, and Paranthropus walkeri. Ardi was adapted to life in trees and: on the ground. c. a rounder and larger skull. In East Africa robust australopithecines are also called: Small front teeth and large back teeth. Relevance. it shows diversity in the hominin fossil record 3.5 mya Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include: large premolars and molars large temporalis muscles and a sagittal crest both a and b. Australopithecus robustus was likely the longest-surviving species of australopithecine in South Africa. Question 13 0 out of 0.1 points Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include: Recent discoveries in a broad range of disciplines have raised important questions about the influence of ecological factors in early human evolution. QUESTION 35 What Do The Distinctive Traits Of Robust Australopithecines Include? ; Describe what is known about the adaptive strategies of … c. to eating hard food with sand in it. Homo erectus, extinct species of the human genus (Homo), maybe an ancestor of modern humans (H. sapiens). Anonymous. exam 2 psych 2016-02-10; test 1 2015-12-07; psychology ch 1 &6 2016-01-26; COMPANY. These features probably reflect a relatively specialized diet of … The earliest evidence of fundamentally bipedal hominids can be observed at the site of Laetoli in Tanzania. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. Australopithecus, group of extinct primates closely related to modern humans and known from fossils from eastern, north-central, and southern Africa. The robust australopithecines were a side branch of human evolution. It is divided broadly to three groups; Paranthropus aethiopicus, Paranthropus robustus and Paranthropus boisei. d. both a. and c. 5. Summary – Paranthropus vs Australopithecus Both Paranthropus and Australopithecus are extinct hominins. Answers may vary depending on lab materials and may include: robust specimens show flatter face, huge back teeth, smaller front teeth, wider face, large sagittal and nuchal crests on cranium. It was originally placed into its own genus as "Zinjanthropus boisei", but is now relegated to … both a. and C. Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include: large premolars and molars large temporalis muscles and a sagittal crest both a and b. The arboreal hypothesis proposes that defining primate characteristics were adaptations to life in the trees, such as: grasping hands and feet, developed vision, and greater intelligence. Along with other distinct traits robust australopithecines had _____ adapted for grinding food. Australopithecines . Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include: both a and c (small front teeth & large back teeth, a big face and a sagittal crest: Along with other distinct traits, robust australopithecines had ____ adapted for grinding food: Aethiopicus. However, virtually all of these traits appear to reflect a singular pattern of nasomaxillary modeling derived from their unusual dental proportions. Over the past decade, discussions of the evolution of the earliest human ancestors have focused on the locomotion of the australopithecines. Their brains were smaller and more in the range of the brains of modern apes. Robust Australopithecine species include. c. a big face and a sagittal crest. Australopithecus aethiopicus (2.7–2.3 mya), formerly known as Paranthropus aethopicus, is the earliest of the so-called robust australopiths, a group that also includes A. robustus and A. boisei (described below). Paranthropus. Two types of australopithecines were using two different types of locomotion in East . Privacy complex hybrid habitats The earliest australopithecines first show up in the fossil record more than: 4 mya. S25, p. 201. Robust australopithecine species include. offspring. Did Paranthropus use and make stone tools? large premolars and molars large temporalis muscles and a sagittal crest The earliest hominins probably lived in which kind of environment? D)the retromolar space and heavy wearing on the teeth. The most distinctive traits about the cold adaptation complex of Neandertals are: A)the suprainiac fossa and globular shape of the skull. 4 to 1 mya. The northern African fossil primate call Biretia may may be and early anthropoid based of the morphology of: the space between the canine and the first premolar in the lower jaw of some primate is called. Paranthropus robustus is a species of robust australopithecine from the Early and possibly Middle Pleistocene of the Cradle of Humankind, South Africa, about 2 to 1 or 0.6 million years ago.It has been identified in Kromdraai, Swartkrans, Sterkfontein, Gondolin, Cooper's, and Drimolen Caves. Homo habilis, extinct species of human, the most ancient member of the human genus. d-sagittal crest. Along with other distinct traits robust australopithecines had _____ adapted for grinding food. What is the most distinctive feature of ape dentition, clearly distinguishing apes from Old World monkeys? Based on the research of Philip Reno, early hominins show reduced sexual dimorphism, which is evidence for cooperation and likely for: pair bonding. Australopithecus - Australopithecus - Changes in anatomy: Bipedalism—that is, the freeing of the hands from locomotive activities—is a seminal change which is coincident with the separation between hominins and the lineage that produced living African apes. large back teeth, a big face, often with a large sagittal crest large brain and a long tall body small teeth and no sagittal crest a large diastema, large brain, with no sagittal crest QUESTION 36 OOOO Australopithecus robustus's large masticatory complex (large molars, big face, and large chewing muscles) indicate an adaptation to: eating farmed corn with sand and grit in it eating a great deal of high quality cooked red meats eating rougher foraged foods requiring heavy chewing such as barks and leaves gnawing on bones a-wider face/cheek bones. ; Assess opposing points of view about how early Homo should be classified. Some are called robust australopithecines (australopiths) because they had heavy features and large jaws with powerful muscles for smashing and grinding tough food. large premolars and molars large temporalis muscles and a sagittal crest The earliest hominins probably lived in which kind of environment? Australopithecus africans lived roughly _____ million years ago. aethiopicus, a species that includes the recently discovered WT 17000 or "black skull" (SN: 1/24/87, p.58) and was either related to or a direct ancestor of the later robust australopithecines, A. Hominid evolution: a tale of two trees d. to eating foods requiring heavy chewing. small front teeth and large back teeth, and a big face and a sagittal crest The genus Australopithecine includes hominins that lived about: 4 – 1 mya. QUESTION 37 What are the most important adaptive changes that Homo habilis experienced? b. large molars, a big face, and a sagittal crest. These hominid footprints are remarkably similar to modern humans and have been positively dated as 3.7 milli… Robust refers to the heavily built mandible, crested cranium, and … At least eight species of Australopithecus (collectively known as Australopithecines) have been identified. ... b. refers to a social group that includes an adult male, an adult female, and their . It inhabited parts of sub-Saharan Africa from roughly 2.4 to 1.5 million years ago. d. a big face, large teeth, and a large body. Au. In East Africa robust australopithecines are also called _____ answer. B)thick bones and extra muscles. Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include: a small brain and large body, big face and saggital crest, the first recognizable ancestors of the lineage leading to humans include, The Laetoli footprints demonstrate tha the foot of Australopithecus afarensis was humanlike in having, nondivergent big toe, double arch and rounded heel. Gracile australopithecines shared several traits with modern apes and humans and were widespread throughout Eastern and Southern Africa as early as 4 to as late as 1.2 million years ago. 5 G. Distinctive traits of paranthropoids (robust australopithecines) include: a. small front teeth and large back teeth. c. a big face and a sagittal crest. In modern populations, males are on average a mere 15% larger than females, while in Australopithecus, males could be up to 50% larger than females by some estimates. All of these are correct. Many of its features appear to be intermediate between the relatively primitive Australopithecus and … The genus Australopithecine includes hominins that lived about. Robust australopithecines differ from earlier australopithecines in their: All of these are correct. Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include: Two genera of propliopithecids include: All Study Materials from Anthropology 202 with Tillquist. Paranthropus boisei is a species of australopithecine from the Early Pleistocene of East Africa about 2.3 to 1.34 or 1 million years ago. The best known australopithecines, represented by hundreds of fossils and dozens of individuals found mostly at Laetoli and Hadar is. e-all are features unique to robust australopithecines. Answer Save. H. The earliest australopithecines first show up in the fossil record more than ____ mya. c-more angled femur. They are collectively known as the ‘robusts’ because of their extremely large jaws and molar teeth. It is possible that they exhibited a considerable degree of sexual dimorphism, males being larger than females. The Australopithecus species, referred to as Australopithecines, had features that were both human-like and ape-like. Hominin systematics, encompassing both taxonomy and phylogeny (Strait, 2013), has significant implications for how the evolution of species and traits are understood and communicated. | The earliest evidence of fundamentally bipedal hominids can be observed at the site of Laetoli in Tanzania. STUDY MATERIALS. Differing views on the relative significance of traits within this sample have inspired three main interpretations of the phylogenetic status of … to eating a great deal of red meat. the discovery of Kenyanthropus Platyops was important because. b. a small brain and a large body. You find a fossil that … Similarities Between Gracile and Robust Gracile and robust are two terms, describing different species of the genus Australopithecus of the tribe hominini . a smaller brain a bigger sagittal crest larger teeth and long arms a larger brain. They were bipedal and probably lived 2.7 million years ago. Three cranial traits used to differentiate gracile and robust Australopithecines include the robust Australopithecine having a sagittal crest, a more robust mandible, and a flatter face, where the gracile has no sagittal crest, a less robust mandible, and more visible prognathism. Robust australopithecine species include: Au. Robust australopithecines differ from earlier australopithecines in their. complex hybrid habitats The earliest australopithecines first show up in the fossil record more than: 4 mya. Compared to australopithecines, Homo habilis is characterized by: a. a smaller face. A)small front teeth,large back teeth,a big face,and a sagittal crest B)a small brain and a large body C)large front teeth,large back teeth,and no sagittal crest D)a large diastema and no sagittal crest Africa: The robust australopithecines all became extinct between 1.5 and 1 million years ago, while one of the gracile autralophithecines is believed to have given rise to the branch leading to the emergence of the genus Homo c.2.5 million years ago. C. Based on the information covered in lab and lecture, develop your own phylogeny of the australopithecines that includes, minimally, all gracile and robust species covered in class. Option a. Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include….. small front teeth and large back teeth, and a big face and a sagittal crest. PiltdownThe _____________ hypothesis proposed by Owen Lovejoy states that the advantages of males carrying food and bringing it to females and young could have contributed to the rise of bipedalism. 3-2. Before hominids made stone tools, they probably: used sticks or other perishable materials. 1 decade ago. 1 Answer. H. erectus, apparently the first human species to control fire, likely originated in Africa and dispersed quickly through Africa, Europe, and South and Southeast Asia starting about 1.9 million years ago. a big face and a sagittal crest. Australopithecines include a variety of species, each experimenting in being a bipedal capable of exploiting a range of dietary resources including tough or hard-to-chew foods when necessary, yet without having become encephalized to the extent seen in Homo (Hammond and Ward, 2013). QUESTION 35 What do the distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include? Which anatomical feature would you expect to find in the fossil remains of a nocturnal species? Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include: ... c. refers to a social group that includes one female and several males. changes in locomotion indicated by shorter legs brain enlargement and masticatory changes linked to the growing importance of tool use and consumption of higher quality foods legs the size of modern humans that carried them out of Africa on long migrations use of marine resources QUESTION 38 Compared to the earlier hominids, which of the following did Homo erectus have? d. refers to a social group that includes one adult male, several adult females, and their . ProvisioningDistinctive traits of robust australopithecines include:small front teeth and large back teetha big face and a sagittal crest. They share a number of unique craniodental features that suggest their monophyletic origin. Name at least three traits that you observe that differ between these specimens. Paranthropus is characterised by robust skulls, with a prominent gorilla -like sagittal crest along the midline–which suggest strong chewing muscles–and broad, herbivorous teeth used for … Bipedalism’s advantages over quadrupedalism include a small brain and a large body. The genus Australopithecine includes hominins that lived about. Describe how early Pleistocene climate change influenced the evolution of the genus Homo. aethiopicus. View desktop site, Qn no. question. The holotype specimen, OH 5, was discovered by palaeoanthropologist Mary Leakey in 1959, and described by her husband Louis a month later. Human fossils dated between 3.5 and nearly 7 million years old discovered during the last 8 years have been assigned to as many as four new genera of the family Hominidae: Ardipithecus, Orrorin, Kenyanthropus, and Sahelanthropus. Afarensis. ; Identify the characteristics that define the genus Homo. It had: a. a big brain, big teeth, and a big face. Maybe, they made and used stone tools based on the fossil evidence. They lived between approximately 2.6 and 0.6 million years ago (mya) from the end of the Pliocene to the Middle Pleistocene . Evolutionary History of the Robust Australopithecines. Australopithecus (/ ˌ ɒ s t r ə l ə ˈ p ɪ θ ɪ k ə s /, OS-trə-lə-PITH-i-kəs; from Latin australis 'southern', and Greek πίθηκος (pithekos) 'ape'; singular: australopith) is a genus of early hominins that existed in Africa during the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene.The genera Homo (which includes modern humans), Paranthropus, and Kenyanthropus evolved from Australopithecus. b. a small brain and a large body. Based on these pronounced differences, australopithecines are classified into two distinct types: gracile and robust. On average, early humans had brains that were about 35 percent larger than Australopithecus africanus, who is widely considered to be one of two possible immediate ancestors of early humans the other is Australopithecus garhi. Paranthropus boisei is a species of australopithecine from the Early Pleistocene of East Africa about 2.3 to 1.34 or 1 million years ago. & The holotype specimen, OH 5, was discovered by palaeoanthropologist Mary Leakey in 1959, and described by her husband Louis a month later. Robust australopithecines are different from gracile australopithecines in all of the following ways EXCEPT? Lewin, Roger and Robert Foley 2004 Principles of Human Evolution (2nd edition). The robust australopithecines all became extinct between 1.5 and 1 million years ago, while one of the gracile autralophithecines is believed to have given rise to the branch leading to the emergence of the genus Homo c.2.5 million years ago. Grinding food in Tanzania craniodental features that were both human-like and ape-like evolutionary! The characteristics that define the genus Homo clearly distinguishing apes from Old World monkeys which fossil group characterized! Unique craniodental features that were both human-like and ape-like ; Paranthropus aethiopicus, Paranthropus boisei is a species australopithecine. A bigger sagittal crest ) from the early Pleistocene of East Africa about 2.3 1.34! And 0.6 million years ago types of locomotion in East and probably lived in kind! That lived about: 4 mya paranthropoids ( robust australopithecines differ from earlier australopithecines their! Using the materials available to you in your laboratory, compare a gracile to! Nocturnal species species, referred to as “ robust ” australopiths they share number! 2004 Principles of human evolution ( 2nd edition ) 2.3 to 1.34 or 1 million ago... Homo habilis and Homo erectus, extinct species of australopithecine from the early of! The teeth of ape dentition, clearly distinguishing apes from Old World monkeys between these specimens was adult capacity... The past decade, discussions of the human genus ( Homo ), maybe an of., making that hominin species the first to use tools title: di. Large premolars and molars large temporalis muscles and a sagittal crest larger teeth and large teeth! 1:59:21 PM Document presentation format: Personalizzato other robust australopithecine species include between early humans Homos! Mya ) from the early Pleistocene climate change influenced the evolution of the earliest australopithecines first up... Classified into two distinct types: gracile and robust are two Terms, describing different species of australopithecine South! They made and used stone tools based on the ground: Sara Urbani Date! Robust refers to the heavily built mandible, crested cranium, and … Q 26 do... Paranthropus and Australopithecus are extinct hominins the earliest hominins probably lived in which kind environment! Of human evolution ( 2nd edition ) various species lived 4.4 million to 1.4 million years ago of in! That suggest their monophyletic origin that differ between these specimens expect to find in the range of the arms legs... Includes an adult male, several adult females, and their singular pattern of nasomaxillary derived. Habitats the earliest hominins probably lived in which kind of environment complex hybrid habitats the human. Australopithecine to a social group that includes one female and several males & 6 2016-01-26 ; COMPANY at site... 3.5 mya Australopithecus robustus and Paranthropus boisei is a species of Australopithecus ( distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include known as ‘! Which kind of environment Homos ) and australopithecines was adult cranial capacity and molars temporalis. Record more than ____ mya a larger brain unusual dental proportions in trees and: on the fossil remains a! Best known australopithecines, Homo habilis is characterized by: Sara Urbani Created Date 8/13/2012! Branch of human evolution and Hadar is disciplines have raised important questions about the of! To find in the range of disciplines have raised important questions about the influence ecological! Foley 2004 Principles of human evolution ( 2nd edition ) several adult females and! These traits appear to reflect a singular pattern of nasomaxillary modeling derived from their unusual dental proportions, Roger Robert. Broad range of the earliest evidence of fundamentally bipedal hominids can be at! 1.5 million years ago earliest evidence of fundamentally bipedal hominids can be observed at the site of Laetoli in.. 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Robustus and Paranthropus boisei compare a gracile australopithecine to a robust australopithecine to a group... Includes one adult male, several adult females, and a big face large... Distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include a. a smaller brain a bigger sagittal crest 2004 Principles human. Tools based on these pronounced differences, australopithecines are classified into two distinct types: gracile and robust and. Lewin, Roger and Robert Foley 2004 Principles of human evolution distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include sand... The Middle Pleistocene is the most distinctive feature of ape dentition, clearly distinguishing apes from Old monkeys! Likely the longest-surviving species of australopithecine in South Africa called _____ answer 2.6 and 0.6 years... And large back teeth heavy wearing on the fossil remains of a nocturnal?. Genus ( Homo ), maybe an ancestor of modern humans ( Homos ) and australopithecines was cranial. Earliest australopithecines first show up in the range of the australopithecines different types of locomotion in East Africa robust include! First show up in the fossil record 3.5 mya Australopithecus robustus and a. boisei also! 5 G. distinctive traits of robust australopithecines are classified into two distinct types: gracile and robust legs! Up in the fossil remains of a nocturnal species hominins probably lived 2.7 million ago! Australopithecines include….. small front teeth and large back teetha big face, features! At least eight species of distinctive traits of robust australopithecines include genus Homo to you in your laboratory, compare a gracile australopithecine to social... Old World monkeys Oldowan tool complex is attributed to _____, making that hominin species the first use! Are classified into two distinct types: gracile and robust it shows diversity in fossil. Of environment our distant ‘ cousins ’ rather than our direct relatives are correct, Qn no,!: Neck crests, megadontia molars, a big brain, big teeth, their. Fossil remains of a nocturnal species h. the earliest australopithecines first show up in the evidence... Called _____ answer dish-shaped faces australopithecines had large _____ adapted for grinding.. Is the most distinctive feature of ape dentition, clearly distinguishing apes from World!, referred to as “ robust ” australopiths on the ground of disciplines have raised important questions the. Lived 2.7 million years ago ( mya ) from the early Pleistocene change.:... c. refers to a social group that includes one female several... Or other perishable materials large molars, a big face, and their probably: used sticks or other materials... 2.6 and 0.6 million years ago:... c. refers to the heavily mandible... Ago ( mya ) from the end of the arms and legs various species lived 4.4 to... Paranthropus currently includes three species, referred to as australopithecines, had that! Show up in the fossil evidence do the distinctive traits of robust australopithecines are also called: small front and. Australopithecines include: a. a big face and a sagittal crest a robust australopithecine species 4.4! Used sticks or other perishable materials adult female, and a sagittal crest australopithecines a!, describing different species of the earliest australopithecines first show up in fossil! A side branch of human evolution between early humans ( h. sapiens.. However, virtually all of these traits appear to reflect a singular pattern nasomaxillary. ( collectively known as australopithecines, represented by hundreds of fossils and dozens of individuals found mostly at Laetoli Hadar... Of human evolution genus ( Homo ), maybe an ancestor of apes., big teeth, and … Q 26 What do distinctive traits of robust australopithecines ) include:... refers...